< PreviousCONTRAST A goal is ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A limit is ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4279Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.What’s the Problem?Goals and LimitsProblemJada and her big brother Dean are riding balance bikes. These bikes do not have brakes. Jada is going down a small hill. It is hard to stop. Dean says he will figure out a way to slow the bike down. He also will figure out how to make it stop.At home, Dean gets a toy truck, a ruler, some plastic blocks, and a piece of cardboard. He will use the cardboard to make a ramp. He will test how the truck moves up and down the ramp. He also will see what happens when the truck hits the blocks. He will work on the solution for two hours.ModelThink AgainTestPlanProblemDirections: Read about the problem. Show what you know about goals and limits. Circle the goals. Box the limits. Use your own words to tell what goals and limits are. EXAMPLEMake a PlanWilla and Leah want to put on a puppet show. They talked about three ways to do the show. Then they chose the ideas they thought would work best. This is their plan. Engineers often work in teams. Teams talk about ways to solve a problem. They talk about: • how their plans might work • what they might use to build a model • the limits of the problemAs they talk, they decide which ideas will be most successful. The team uses those ideas in one plan. A plan helps engineers meet their goals. • We will use only materials we have at home.• We will use shapes to make buildings and trees for the scenery.• We will arrange the shapes on a grid.• We will use a flashlight to make shadows of the scenery in our play.flashlightProblemModelThink AgainTestPlanOur Puppet Show Plangrid© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4280Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Plan Ways to Solve the Problem© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4280Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Plan Ways to Solve the ProblemEXPLAIN Why do engineers make a plan? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Beach ProblemMateo and Mia live near the beach. Sometimes, the ocean water drops sand on the beach and makes it bigger. Other times, water carries sand away. Carrying away the sand is called erosion. Mateo and Mia know that sea turtles use the beach. They want to explore beach erosion so they can save the beach and help turtles. They talk to a park ranger about beach erosion. Then they go home and talk about ways to slow or stop erosion. They make a plan and write it down. Our Plan to Slow or Stop Beach Erosion_____ We will visit a zoo to observe sea turtles. _____ At home, we will make a model beach by putting water and sand in a plastic tub. _____ We will measure how wide the beach is before erosion._____ We will make waves by pushing the water with our hands._____ We will add more sand to our model beach._____ We will measure the beach after erosion._____ We will use marbles to represent turtle eggs and repeat the activity. _____ We will build a clay wall to protect the beach and repeat the activity._____ We will place netting on the beach and repeat the activity.measure erosionturtle eggsnettingMake a PlanProblemModelThink AgainTestPlanDirections: Read about the Problem. Read about the Plan. Place an X next to three statements that are not part of a good plan for this problem. Then answer the question.beach modelsea turtleEXAMPLE© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4281Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Make a ModelModelsMr. Buchanan’s class was studying flowers. He told the class that bees can pollinate flowers. They do this by carrying pollen from flower to flower. Lily said she knows about this. Her father is a farmer. He grows pumpkins. Since many bees are dying, Lily’s father needs a way to pollinate his pumpkin flowers without bees.The class wanted to help. So, Mr. Buchanan put the children into groups. Each group made a model pollinator. Here are three of the models. Engineers often use models to solve design problems. Some models are bigger than the real thing. Some are smaller. A model can be a drawing on paper. A drawing made with a computer is a model. A map is a model. Even a number sentence is a model.A model can show only one part of a solution. Or, it can show many parts of a solution. One type of model is called a prototype. A prototype is a working example of the final design solution.ProblemThink AgainTestPlanModelMaterial that attracts pollen grains Material that attracts pollen grains Pollen grains Pollen grains Pollen grains Pollinator handlePollinator handlePollinator handleSUMMARIZE Tell a partner all you know about design models. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4281Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Make a ModelModelsProblemThink AgainTestPlanModelDesign Problem: Kia’s dog loves to swim. Kia can’t take her wet dog into the house. Design Problem: Sam has a sandbox in his yard. In summer, the sand gets hot. Design Problem: Julia wants to talk to her brother. They do not want to disturb others in the room. Design Problem: Luke flew in a helicopter. It took off very quickly, but came down very slowly. Directions: Show what you know. Match each design problem with the correct model. EXAMPLE© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4282Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Engineers test their models. Tests show if the design solutions are successful. When engineers do tests, they collect information. It shows how well the goals of the plan have been met. Sometimes, tests might show that the solution does not meet one or more goal. A failed test is useful, too. It helps engineers learn how to improve their models. Failed tests can help make a design solution better.Ivy and Jazmin went hiking. Jazmin’s shoes slipped a lot on the rocks. They decided to make and test some shoes that don’t slip. The girls made a model shoe with different bottoms. Here are the goals of their design problem. • The shoes must stay on a slope that is steep and rough. • The shoes must stay on a slope that is gentle and smooth.Test to Check for SuccessProblemModelThink AgainPlanTestTesting materials on a smooth surfaceVelcro®Testing a model shoe on steep, rough slopeThe pictures show how the girls did tests. Test the ModelsandpaperRecall the goals of the problem:• The shoes must stay on a slope that is steep and rough. • The shoes must stay on a slope that is gentle and smooth.Ivy and Jazmin tested how the materials moved on a smooth or rough surface. They recorded if the materials were easy, medium, or hard to move.Materials on Shoe BottomMaterials on Shoe BottomRug padRug padSuction cup stripSuction cup stripVelcro®VelcroSmooth Slope SurfaceRough Slope SurfaceEasy Medium HardEasy Medium HardEasy Medium HardEasy Medium HardEasy Medium HardEasy Medium HardEXPLAIN When is a design solution successful? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________slopeVelcroTest to Check for SuccessDirections: The charts show the results of the shoe tests. Show what you know. Study the data. Use it to circle the correct answer for questions 1–3. Then answer the last question.ProblemModelThink AgainPlanTest1. One of the best shoe bottoms on a smooth slope is a A rug pad.B suction cup strip.C Velcro.2. The worst shoe bottom on a smooth slope is aA rug pad.B suction cup strip.C Velcro.3. The best shoe bottoms on a rough slope areA rug pad and Velcro.B suction cup strip and Velcro.C suction cup strip and rug pad.rug padVelcrosuction cup strip© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4282Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Test the ModelEXAMPLEThink and Plan Again Make It Better Liam has a dog. It likes to swim, but the wet dog can’t come into the house. So, Liam and his friends make model mats. Each mat must soak up water dripping off the dog. Here are the goals and limits of the mat design.For any design to be successful, it must meet all of the goals. It must follow the design limits. Here are the claims made about the mats. After hearing them, Liam made and tested a new mat. It was much better than his first one. After testing, engineers make claims about their solutions. A claim is something that is true. A claim should be supported by proof that the claim is true.Engineers often talk to other teams as they work. Listening helps them learn about other solutions. They might hear about a better solution. They use what they learn to help them think again about their design problem. Sometimes, they make new plans and new models.ProblemModelTestPlanThink AgainMy mat had three layers of the same material. It soaked up most of the water.My mat had three different materials. Half of the water leaked through it.My mat soaked up all of the water. It had five different materials.My mat did not slide. It soaked up some of the water.My mat did not slide. It had four different layers. It leaked a little bit.Goals• Must soak up 2 tablespoons of water• Does not allow water to leak through• Must not slide on the floorLimits• No more than 5 layers• No more than 2 layers of the same material© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4283Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4283Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Think and Plan Again Claims About String PhonesSome children made string phones. They made claims about how loud and how clear the sounds were in each phone. The chart shows their claims.Make It BetterProblemModelTestPlanThink AgainGENERALIZEI would use ______________ cups because they _____________________________. I would use ______________ string because it _______________________________.Directions: Read the claims children made about string phones. Then show what you know. Tell how you would design the best phone.Paper CupsFoam CupsPlastic CupsKite StringHeavy YarnPlastic StringSound is clear.Sound is very clear and loud.Sound is clear.Sound is very hard to hear.Sound is hard to hear.Sound is hard to hear.Sound is clear, but not loud.Sound is clear and loud.Sound is clear, but quiet.plastic cupsfoam cupspaper cupsstringyarnSolve Engineering Problems© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4284Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Engineers Needed!Use the engineering steps to solve a problem about how water and wind carry sand away. This movement is called erosion. Rocks, fences, and grasses can slow erosion.Think and Plan AgainTest the ModelMake a ModelEngineering StepsPlan Ways to Solve the ProblemWhat’s the Problem?Some friends wanted to save a beach from erosion. They decided to make a model of their plan. Their model had two goals. It would use two structures. It would stop the beach from losing 7 units of sand when they measured.The team uses their plan to make a model of the structures that will slow erosion. They make a few changes as they put it together. They add the changes to the plan.The team makes a model beach. They make waves to move sand on it. The team tests different structures to see how they work. They measure how much sand was moved by erosion. Then they use their goals to make a plan to slow erosion.The team tests the model structures to see how successful they were. They check to see if they met the goals.The team makes claims about their success. They tell about the structures they built. They tell how much sand was lost. Then, they think about improving their plan.wave-makermodel beachclay wallturtle eggsmeasure erosionnettingNext >