< Previousatmospheric pressure decreasesoceanriverdischargewater storagein snowwater tableThe Water CycleEarth’s AtmosphereWhat is Earth’s atmosphere?_________________________________________________________________How important is Earth’s atmosphere? _________________________________________________________________Describe the layers of Earth’s atmosphere?Exosphere ______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________Thermosphere ____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________Mesosphere ______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________Stratosphere ____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________Troposphere _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________What is the water cycle? _______________________________________________________________________________________Describe the following:Evaporation _________________________________________________________________________________________________Condensation _______________________________________________________________________________________________Precipitation ________________________________________________________________________________________________Water runoff ________________________________________________________________________________________________Groundwater ________________________________________________________________________________________________• atmosphere • condensation• evaporation• evapotranspiration• exosphere• groundwater• infiltration• mesosphere• nitrogen• oxygen• precipitation• runoff• stratosphere• thermosphere• troposphere• water vaporKey Vocabulary Terms© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4506www.newpathlearning.comEarth’s Atmosphere\|xiBAHBDy01727rzuEarth’s Freshwater & AtmospherePhotographic images courtesy of NASA.SpringIt is spring in this part of the Earth because this part is beginning to tilt toward the Sun.Summer It is summer in this part of the Earth because the Earth is tilted toward the Sun.FallIt is fall in this part of the Earth because the Earth is beginning to tilt away from the Sun.WinterIt is winter in this part of the Earth because the Earth is tilting away from the Sun.The Sun• The Sun is a star. It is made of hot, glowing gases. • The Sun gives Earth light and heat.• All living things can live on Earth because of the Sun.• The Sun is much larger than the Earth.The Earth• The Earth spins on its axis. This spinning is called a rotation.• Earth makes a complete rotation each day. This rotation causes day and night here on Earth. The Four Seasons The Earth also moves around the Sun. It takes the Earth one year to go around the Sun one time.The Sun lights one side of the Earth at a time. When it is day on one side of the Earth, it is night on the other side. night day© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4208www.newpathlearning.comThe Sun & EarthPhotographic images courtesy of NASA.The Earth is beginning to tilt toward the Sun.The Earth is tilted toward the Sun.The Earth is beginning to tilt away from the Sun.The Earth is tilting away from the Sun.The Sun• The Sun is a . It is made of hot, glowing gases. • The Sun gives Earth and .• All living things can live on Earth because of the .• The Sun is much than the Earth.The Earth• The Earth on its axis. This spinning is called a .• Earth makes a complete each day. This rotation causes and here on Earth. The Sun lights one side of the Earth at a time. When it is day on one side of the Earth, it is night on the other side. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4208www.newpathlearning.comKey Vocabulary Terms• axis • night• day • rotation• Earth • seasons• fall • spring• gas • summer• heat • Sun• light • tilt• living things • winter The Four Seasons The Earth also moves around the . It takes the Earth to go around the Sun one time.\|xiBAHBDy01709nzWThe Sun & EarthThe SunThe Sun is a massive burning ball of gases held together by gravity. It is primarily composed of helium and hydrogen gases. The Sun has three main layers—the core, the radiative zone and the convective zone. The Sun’s atmosphere is made up of the photosphere, chromosphere and corona.Our EarthEarth is the third planet from the Sun. Earth’s distance from the Sun allows for moderate temperatures that keep most surface water in liquid form. The presence of liquid water and an oxygen-rich atmosphere make Earth suitable for millions of living organisms.Diameter (km)Distance from sun (average)Rotation (Earth Days)Revolution (Earth Days)Number of moons12,742 km150,000,000 km1365 1/41diameterSizeVolumeGravitationalpullRevolution(around Earth)5th largest moon in the solar systemDiameter (km)3,474 km1/50th of Earth’s volume1/6th of Earth’s gravitational pull27.3 days© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4195Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Photos courtesy of NASA, USFWS & NOAA.The Moon is composed of a solid ball of basalt covered by rocks and dust. Since the Moon’s formation billions of years ago, the surface has been struck by asteroids, meteoroids and comets. These impacts have created dust, rocks, boulders and basins. Earth’s MoonOur Moon is the fiIWK lDrJesW NQoZQ PooQ in the solar system. It is Earth’s only natural satellite, making one complete revolution every 27.3 days. The Moon’s rotation and revolution periods are the same, which means that the same side of the Moon faces the Earth at all times. Humans did not see the GDrN or IDr siGe oI WKe Moon until the space flights of the 1960s and 1970s.coreconvection currentsphotospherecoronachromosphereare6olDr ÁDres are enormous areas of extreme temperature on the Sun’s surface, caused by PDJQeWiF fielGs. They typically occur near sunspots. Sun, Earth & Moon© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4195Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Pause and ReviewLabel the structures of the Sun. Sun, Earth & MoonUse the Venn diagram to compare and contrast the characteristics of the Moon and the Earth.EarthMoon© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4348Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.SoilPhoto courtesy of ARS.What is Soil? Soil covers most of Earth’s land. It is a mixture of sediments of weathered rocks, nonliving materials, and decayed plants and animals. soil(sand, silt, clay, decayed materials)Soil profiletopsoil withhumussubsoil-weatheredrockbedrock-solid rockSoil LayersOver time, three layers of soil develop. Topsoil is made mostly of decaying plant and animal remains (humus). Subsoil contains minerals and small rocks. Bedrock is mostly solid rock.© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4348Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.SoilPause & ReviewLabel the soil profile. Describe what each layer is made of.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Why do you think soil is important? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4384Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Energy SourcesPhotos courtesy of NASA and USFWS.Nonrenewable Energy The energy we use every day comes from a variety of sources. Fossil fuels, such as oil and coal, are nonrenewable. These energy resources can only be used once and cannot be replaced. Renewable EnergyOther energy sources, such as solar, water and wind energy, are powered by resources that are naturally replaced and are considered limitless. These are called renewable energy sources.Currently, fossil fuels provide most of the energy we use every day!oil & natural gaswaterwindsolar panelshydroelectric plantcoalSun© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4384Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Pause & ReviewIdentify the following examples as either renewable or nonrenewable energy sources.Energy Sourceswindcoalsunlightwateroil gasoline________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________HLLLevaporationcondensationoceanriverdischargeprecipitationprecipitationwater storagein snowevapotranspirationrunoffinfiltrationwater tableground waterdischargeStratus (spread out or layered)Cirrus (curly, wispy)Cumulus (heaped or piled up)Photos courtesy of NASA and NOAA.What Is Weather?The condition of the atmosphere at a specific time in a specific place is known as weather. The weather includes and is affected by water, wind, temperature and air pressure. Meteorologists are scientists who study and predict weather and weather patterns. Humidity and PrecipitationAs water evaporates from oceans, lakes and rivers, it is held in the air. The amount of water vapor in the air is called humidity. Relative humidity is a percentage that compares the amount of water vapor in the air with the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at a specific temperature. Precipitation is water that has condensed in the atmosphere and falls to Earth. Sleet, snow, rain and hail are different forms of precipitation. The type that falls at a given time depends on the temperature.Amount of Water Vapor Air Can Hold at Various TemperaturesTemperature (ºC)Water vapor (g/m3)0-10010203040501020304050 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100HUMIDITYThe Sun’s Energy & the Water CycleThe continuous movement of water from the Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back is called the water cycle. Energy from the Sun heats water causing it to evaporate. Plants and animals also give off water; this is called transpiration. The largest source of atmospheric water vapor is the oceans. This water vapor accumulates in the atmosphere and forms clouds under proper conditions. Water eventually precipitates out of the clouds and falls back to Earth either as rain, snow or sleet. Types of CloudsClouds are categorized based on their form and composition. Cloud FormationClouds form when minute droplets of water or ice crystals accumulate in the atmosphere. A variety of cloud types form depending upon their height, air movement and the amount of water vapor and condensation particles.Reading Weather MapsA weather map is a collection of weather data in the form of symbols indicating the weather conditions of a large geographic region at a particular time.Sunlight warms the surface and water evaporates. As the air containing this evaporated water rises, it cools.At a certain altitude, condensation begins as the air cools to the dew point.As this cooling occurs, the water vapor condenses (changes) from a vapor to a liquid forming a cloud.1.2.3.Weather MapSymbolswarm frontcold frontstationary frontHhigh pressureLlow pressuresnowrainthunderstorm© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4109www.newpathlearning.comUnderstanding WeatherNext >