Copyright © NewPath Learning. All rights reserved. www.newpathlearning.com 36-6007 HIV & AIDS HIV & AIDS C harts C harts Curriculum Mastery ® Flip Charts Combine Essential Health Education Skills with Hands-On Activities! Sturdy, Free-Standing Design, Perfect for Learning Centers! Reverse Side Features Questions, Labeling Exercises, Review Activities & more!Chart # 1: Chart # 2: Chart # 3: Chart # 4: Chart # 5: Chart # 6: Chart # 7: Chart # 8: Chart # 9: Chart #10: HIV vs. AIDS The HIV Life Cycle How is HIV Spread? HIV Symptoms & Diagnosis Getting Tested HIV Progression The Immune System HIV Treatments Living with HIV HIV Prevention Curriculum Mastery ® Flip Charts provide comprehensive coverage of health education topics in an illustrated format that is visually appealing, engaging and easy to use. Curriculum Mastery ® Flip Charts can be used with the entire classroom, with small groups or by students working independently. Each Curriculum Mastery ® Flip Chart Set features: •10 double-sided laminated charts with illustrated instruction on one side plus write-on/wipe-off activities on the reverse side for student use. •Built-in sturdy free-standing easel for easy display •Spiral bound for ease of use •Student Activity Guide Ideal for •Learning centers •In class instruction for interactive presentations and demonstrations •Hands-on student use •Stand alone reference for review of key concepts •Teaching resource to supplement any program •Parental Involvement HOW TO USE Classroom Use Each Curriculum Mastery ® Flip Chart can be used to graphically introduce or review a topic of interest. Side 1 of each Flip Chart provides graphical representation of key concepts in a concise, grade appropriate reading level for instructing students. The reverse Side 2 of each Flip Chart allows teachers or students to summarize key concepts and assess their understanding. Note: Be sure to use an appropriate dry-erase marker and to test it on a small section of the chart prior to using it. The Activity Guide included provides a black-line master of each Flip Chart which students can use to fill in before, during, or after instruction. While the activities in the guide can be used in conjunction with the Flip Charts, they can also be used individually for review or as a form of assessment or in conjunction with any other related assignment. Learning Centers Students may use these Flip Charts in small group settings along with the corresponding activity pages contained in the guide to learn or review concepts already covered in class. Independent Student Use Students can use the hands-on Flip Charts to practice and learn independently by first studying Side 1 of the chart and then using Side 2 of the chart or the corresponding graphical activities contained in the Activity Guide. Reference/Teaching Resource Curriculum Mastery ® Charts are a great visual supplement to any curriculum. Phone: 800-507-0966 • Fax: 800-507-0967 www.newpathlearning.com NewPath Learning ® products are developed by teachers using research-based principles and are classroom tested. The company’s learning resources include an array of proprietary Curriculum Mastery ® games and Flip Charts, Learning Centers, Activity Books, Visual Learning Guides and other hands-on resources. All resources are supplemented with web-based multimedia lessons, assessments and interactive activities to provide an engaging means of educating students on key, curriculum-based topics correlated to applicable state and national education standards. Copyright © 2020 NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Curriculum Mastery ® and NewPath Learning ® are registered trademarks of NewPath Learning LLC. HIV glycoproteins proteins embedded in the envelope; attach to host cell membrane HIV envelope outer surface HIV capsid inner core containing viral RNA HIV RNA genetic material HIV enzymes proteins that carry out steps in the HIV life cycle What is HIV? HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which is the virus that causes HIV infection. The abbreviation “HIV” can refer to the virus or to the infection. What is AIDS? AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome . AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. HIV attacks and destroys the infection-fighting CD4 cells of the immune system. The loss of CD4 cells makes it difficult for the body to fight infections and certain cancers. Without treatment, HIV can gradually destroy the immune system and advance to AIDS . CD4 Cells • CD4 cells (specialized white blood cells) are part of the immune system. • HIV attacks and kills CD4 cells. • Loss of CD4 cells makes it hard for the body to fight off infections. Disease Progression • AIDS is the last stage of HIV infection. • As HIV infection advances to AIDS, the amount of HIV in the body increases and the number of CD4 cells decreases. • Without anti-viral medicines, HIV advances to AIDS in about 10 years . • Treatment can stop the HIV infection from advancing to AIDS. HIV CD4 cells HIV vs. AIDS Source: National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6889What is HIV? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What is AIDS? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ CD4 Cells ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Disease Progression ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ HIV vs. AIDS Source: National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6889C D 4 c e l l m e m b r a n e CD4 cell cytoplasm CD4 cell nuclear membrane CD4 cell nucleus CD4 receptors Binding: HIV attaches to receptor proteins on the surface of a CD4 cell 1 Fusion: HIV envelope and CD4 membrane fuse together allowing HIV material to enter the cell. 2 Reverse Transcription: HIV releases and uses an enzyme (reverse transcriptase) to convert its RNA into HIV DNA which then enters the cell nucleus. 3 Integration: Inside the CD4 cell nucleus, HIV releases another enzyme (integrase) which enables its DNA to be integrated into the DNA of the CD4 cell. 4 Replication: Once integrated into the CD4 DNA, HIV uses the cell mechanisms to make long chains of HIV proteins. These proteins are the building blocks of more HIV. 5 Assembly: New HIV proteins and RNA move to the surface of the cell and assemble into immature (noninfectious) HIV. 6 Budding: Immature HIV pushes out of the host CD4 cell. The new HIV releases the enzyme protease to break up the long protein chains. The smaller proteins combine to form mature (infectious) HIV. 7 HIV HIV RNA HIV DNA HIV DNA reverse transcriptase integrase CD4 DNA HIV DNA protease mature HIV HIV glycoproteins HIV envelope HIV capsid HIV RNA HIV enzymes What is the HIV life cycle? HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) attacks and destroys the CD4 cells of the immune system. CD4 cells are a type of white blood cell that play a major role in protecting the body from infection. HIV uses the machinery of the CD4 cells to multiply (make copies of itself) and spread throughout the body. This process, which is carried out in seven steps or stages, is called the HIV life cycle . HIV medicines can stop the virus at different stages in the cycle. The HIV Life Cycle Source: National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6890C D 4 c e l l m e m b r a n e CD4 cell cytoplasm CD4 cell nuclear membrane CD4 cell nucleus CD4 receptors 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 HIV RNA HIV DNA CD4 DNA HIV DNA HIV DNA reverse transcriptase integrase protease mature HIV ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ What is the HIV life cycle? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ The HIV Life Cycle Source: National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6890What factors increase the risk of HIV infection in adolescents? Most youth who get HIV during adolescence are infected through sex. Many adolescents lack basic information about HIV and how to protect themselves from HIV infection. The following are some factors that put adolescents at risk of HIV infection: • Low rates of condom use. • High rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among youth. • Alcohol or drug use. • Injecting drugs or sharing needles. How is HIV Spread? HIV Transmission The spread of HIV from person to person is called HIV transmission. HIV is spread through contact with certain body fluids from a person with HIV, such as blood, semen and breast milk. Mother-to-Child The spread of HIV from a woman with HIV to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding is called mother-to-child transmission. It is the most common way that children get HIV. HIV medicines, given to women with HIV during pregnancy, and to their babies after birth, reduce the risk of mother-to- child transmission of the virus. The HIV Stigma You can’t get HIV by shaking hands or hugging a person who has HIV. You also can’t get HIV from contact with objects such as dishes, toilet seats, or doorknobs used by a person with HIV. HIV is NOT spread through the air, in water, or by blood-sucking insects , such as mosquitoes and ticks. An Increased Risk People who inject drugs are at an increased risk of getting HIV. When people share needles or other drug equipment, they can come in contact with bodily fluids. Source: National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6891Mother-to-Child ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Increased Risk ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Factors that put adolescents at risk of HIV infection: • ___________________________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________________ How is HIV Spread? HIV Transmission _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ The HIV Stigma _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Source: National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6891HIV Symptoms & Diagnosis What are the symptoms of HIV/AIDS? Within 2 to 4 weeks after infection with HIV, some people may have flu-like symptoms, such as fever, chills, or rash lasting for a few days to several weeks. After HIV infection, the virus continues to multiply but at very low levels. More severe symptoms of HIV infection generally don’t appear for many years. Without treatment with HIV medicines, HIV infection usually advances to AIDS in 10 years or longer, though it may advance faster in some people. HIV transmission is possible at any stage of HIV infection—even if a person with HIV has no symptoms. How is AIDS diagnosed? Symptoms such as fever, weakness, and weight loss may be a sign that a person’s HIV has advanced to AIDS. A diagnosis of AIDS is based on the following criteria: Who should get tested for HIV? The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that everyone 13 to 64 years old get tested for HIV at least once as part of routine health care. People at high risk for HIV infection should get tested every year. A drop in CD4 count to less than 200 cells/mm 3 . A CD4 count measures the number of CD4 cells in a sample of blood. OR The presence of certain opportunistic infections or infection-related cancers . Although an AIDS diagnosis indicates severe damage to the immune system, HIV medicines can still help people at this stage of HIV infection. Kaposi’s sarcoma Image courtesy of NIH Source: National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6892Next >