DNA© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4789Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.CGATnucleotidenitrogen basesugarphosphateCCCGGGA AATTTphosphatenitrogen basesugarnucleotideDNA Shape and CompositionDouble-stranded DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) has a twisted ladder-like shape called a double helix. Each DNA strand is composed of a series of nucleotides. A nucleotide contains a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base – adenine (A), guanine(G), cytosine(C), or thymine(T). CCCGGGA AATTTRole of DNA in ReplicationThe sequence of these DNA nitrogen bases provides a code. The code serves as a template when DNA is copied in a process called replication. Role of DNA in TranscriptionIn a similar process called transcription, the DNA code is used to make RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA double helixtemplate DNATemplate DNAnew DNARNAThe nitrogen bases pair with each other, adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine. These are called complementary base pairs. CGGGGGGGGGGGATphosphatenitrogen basesugarnucleotideDouble-stranded DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) has a twisted ladder-like shaaaaaaaaaapppppppppppppppppppeeeeeeeeeee ccccccccccccccccccalled a douuuuuuuuuuuuuuubbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbllllllllleeeeeeeeeeee heliiiiiiiiiiiixxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.. EEEEEEEEEEacccccccccccchhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh DNA strand is composed of a series of nucleotides. A nucleotide contains aaaaaaaaaaaaa ssssssssuuuuuuuuuuugggggggggggggggaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaarrrrrrrrr,,,,,,,, rr phosphate, anddddddddd nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnniiiiiiiiiiiiittttttrogeeeennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn base – adenine (A), guanine(G), cytosine(C), or thymine(T). The sequence of these DNA nitrogen bases pppppppppppppppppppppprrrrrrrrrrrrrrrooooooooooooovides a ccccccccoooooooooooooddddddddddddddddeeeeeeeeeeee...... TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTThhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhe coooddddddddddddddddddeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee sssssssssssseeerrrrrrrrrrrrrvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvveeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesssssssss as a template when DNA is copied in a process called replication. In a sssssssssssiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimmmiiiiiiiiiiiilllllllllllllaaarrrrrrrrrrrrrrr pppppppppppppppppprrrrrrrrrrrrroooooooooooooooocccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeessssssssssssssssssss calllllllllllllllllllllllllllleeeeeeeeeeeeeeddddddddddddddddd trrraaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnnssssssssssssscccriptiiiiiiiooooooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnn,,, tttthhhhhhhhhhhhhe DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNA code is useeeeeeeeeeeeeedddddddddddddddddddd tooooooooooooo mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaakkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkeeeeeeeeeeeee RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRNNNNNNNNNNNNNAAAAAAAAAAAAAA (((((((((ribonuuuuuuuuuuucccccccccccccccllllllllllllleeeeeeeeeeeeeeeiiiicc aaaaaaaaaaaaaaacccccccccccccccciiiiiiiiiiiiiiiddddd). DDDDDDDDDDNAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAdoooouuuuuubble hhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeeeelllllllllliiiiiiiiixxxxxxxxxxxxtemplate DNATemplate DNAnew DNARNAThe nitrogennnnnnnnnnnnnnn bbbbbbbbbbbbaaaaaaaaaaaaasssssssssssssssseeeeeeees paiirrr wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwiiiiiiiiiiiiiittttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh eaccccccchhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh ooooooooooooooottttttttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrr,,,,,,,, aaaaaaaaaaaaaadddddddddddddddddddeeeeeeeeeenniiine with thymineand cytosine wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwiiiiiiiiiiiiiiittttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh ggggggggggggguanine. Thhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeeessssssssssssseeeeeeeeee aaaaaaaaaaarrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeee ccccccccccalled complementary base paaaaaaaaaaaaiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiirrrrrrrrrsssssssssssss....
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