Earth’s Interior© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4680Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Seismograms & Earth’s Structure Scientists use machines called seismographs to study seismic waves caused by earthquakes. Data gathered from seismograms has provided a relatively detailed picture of Earth’s interior structure.P waveS-P intervalTimeS waveSurface waveThe Earth’s Mantle The mantle is found below the crust and is approximately 3,000 kilometers thick. The mantle is made of solid, hot rock. The uppermost layer of the mantle and the crust make up what is known as the lithosphere.The asthenosphere is found below the lithosphere and is called the upper mantle. It is made up of hotter, weaker rock. The lower mantle called the mesosphere is a thick layer of strong, solid rock.The Earth’s CoreThe core is the densest layer of the Earth and is composed of nickel and iron. It is divided into a liquid outer core and a solid inner core. seismographseismogramseismicwavesLayers of the Earth The Earth is composed of three main layers—the crust, mantle and core. These layers vary in composition, size, temperature and pressure.The Earth’s Crust The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth and is 5 to 70 kilometers thick. There are two different types of crust—oceanic and continental.Oceanic crust is primarily composed of basalt that forms when magma pours out from the mantle onto the ocean denser, but also thinner than continental crust. Continental crust forms the landmasses called continents. This crust layer is composed of rocks such as granite. It is less dense, but thicker than oceanic crust. crust5-70 km thickmantle2,867 km thickouter core2,266 km thickinner core1,216 km thickweak, hot rockstrong, solid rockMesosphereContinentalcrustUpper mantleincreasing temperaturesmagmaLithosphereAsthenosphereLowermantleOceanic crustbasaltgraniteScientists use machines called seismographs to study seismic waves caused by earthquakes. Data gathered from seismograms has provided a relatively detailed picture of Earth’s interior structure.P waveS-P intervalvvTimeS waveSurfacewaveTTTTTTTTTThe mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmaaaaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnttttttllllllllllleeeeeeeeeeee iiiiiiiiiiissssssssss ffffffffffffooooooooooooouuuuuund bellllllloooooooowwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww ttttttttthhhhhhhhhee ccccccccccccccrrrrrrrrrrrrrruuuuuuuuuuuuussssst anddd iiiiiiiiisssssssssss aaaaaaaaaaaaaaapppppppppppppppppppppppproximately 3,000 kilometers thick. The mantle is made of solid, hot rock..... TTTTTTTTTTThhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeee uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuupppppppppppppppermost layer offfffffffff ttttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeee mmmmmmmmmaaaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnntttttttttttttllllllleee and tttttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeee ccrust make up what is known as the lithosphere.Thheeeeeeeeeeee aaaaaaaaaaasssssssssttttttthhhenosphere is found below ttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeee llllllllliiiiiiiitttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhooooooooooooooossssssssssssssspppppppppphere and is called the upper mantle. It is made up of hotter, weaker frrrrrrrrroooooooooooooccccccccccccckkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk...... The lower mantle called the mesospppppppppppppphhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrre is a thick layer of strong, solid rock.The core is ttttttttttttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeeee ddddddennsssssssssssssssssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesssssssssssssssssstttttttttttttttt llllllllllaaayyyer oooooofffffffffffffffff tttttttttttttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeeeee EEEEarth and is composed of nickel and iron. It is divided into a liquid outer core and a solid inner corrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeee...... ssssssssssssseeeeeeeeisssssssssssssssmoggggggggggggggrrrrrrrrrrrrrrraaaaaaaaapppppppppppppppppphhhhhhhhgseismogramseismicwavesThe Earth is composed of three main layers—the crust, tmantle and core. These layers vary in composition, size, temperature and pressure.The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth and is 5 to 70 kilometers thick. There are two different typeessssssssssssss oooooooooofffffffffffffff crust—oceanic and continental.Oceanic crust is primarily composed of basalt ttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhaaaaaaaaattttttttttt ffffffffffforms when magma pours out from the mantle onto tttttttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeee ooooooooooceaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnnn denser, but also rthinneeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrrrr tttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhaaaaaan continental crust. Continental crust forms the landmasses called continents. This crust layer is composed of rocks such as granite. It is less dense, but thicker than oceanic crust. crust5-70 km thickmantle2,867 km thickouter core2,266 km thickinner core1,216 km thickweak, hot rockstrong, solid rockMesosphereConnnntinnnnentalcccccccccccccccccrrrrrrrrrrrrrrustUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUpppppppppppper mantleiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnncccccccccccccrrrrrreasing tttttttttttttttttttttteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeemmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmpppppeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrrrrrraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaatttttturesmmmmmmmmmmmmagggggggggggggggmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmaaaaaaaaLithosphereAsthenosphereLowermantleust. ceanic Oceanic crustOiteanic crustOceanic cruststbasaltbgrannnnnnnnnniiiiittttttttttttttttteeeeeeeeeeeeeeg
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