Elements & Compounds© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4826Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.ElementsElements are the most basic forms of matter. Aluminum, sulfur, iron and oxygen are all examples of elements. These are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Scientists elements that are present in our universe. Each element is made up of one type of atom which determines its properties. The Periodic Table groups elements by their atomic number. Each element is represented by a chemical symbol.H1HydrogenHe2HeliumNe10NeonAr18ArgonKr36KryptonXe54XenonRn86RadonBrHg35BromineCl17ChlorineF9FluorineO8OxygenN7NitrogenC6CarbonB5BoronLi3LithiumNa11SodiumK19PotassiumCa20CalciumRb37RubidiumCs55CesiumFr87FranciumRa88RadiumAc89ActiniumRf104RutherfordiumDb105DubniumCe58CeriumTh90ThoriumPa91ProtactiniumPr59PraseodymiumNd60NeodymiumU92UraniumNp93NeptuniumPm61PromethiumSm62SamariumPu94PlutoniumAm95AmericiumEu63EuropiumGd64GadoliniumCm96CuriumBk97BerkeliumTb65TerbiumDy66DysprosiumCf98CaliforniumEs99EinsteiniumHo67HolmiumEr68ErbiumFm100FermiumMd101MendeleviumTm69ThuliumYb70YtterbiumLu71Lutetium No102NobeliumLr103LawrenciumSg106SeaborgiumBh107BohriumHs108HassiumMt109Meitnerium110Ununnilium111Unununium112UnunbiumUub114UnunquaterniumUuqUuuUunBa56BariumLa57LanthanumHf72HafniumTa73TantalumW74TungstunRe75RheniumOs76OsmiumIr77IridiumPt78PlatinumAu79Gold80MercuryTl81ThalliumPb82LeadBi8384BismuthPoPoloniumSr38StrontiumY39YttriumZr40ZirconiumNb41NiobiumMo42MolybdenumTc43TechnetiumRu44RutheniumRh45RhodiumPd46PalladiumAg47SilverCd48CadmiumIn49IndiumSn50TinSc21ScandiumTi22TitaniumV23VanadiumCr24ChromiumMn25ManganeseFe26IronCo27CobaltNi28NickelCu29CopperZn30ZincGa31GalliumAl13AluminumMg12MagnesiumBe4BeryliumSi14SiliconP15PhosphorusS16SulfurSe34SeleniumAs33ArsenicGe32GermaniumSb51 AntimonyTe52TelluriumI53IodineAt85Astatinesolidstate at room temperatureliquidgasnot found in naturePeriodic Table of the ElementsCompoundsA compound is a substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically combined in an exact ratio. The chemical formula of a compound tells you which elements make up the compound and how many atoms of each element are found in a single molecule of the compound. Water is a compound that has a ratio of two hydrogen atoms to every one oxygen atom. If this ratio is changed to two hydrogen atoms to every two oxygen atoms, a different compound is formed. This compound, hydrogen peroxide, has different properties than water. It is used as cleaning agent, and you would not want to drink it!2:1 ratio2:2 ratioH2OOHHO HOHH2O2O2AtomsAtoms are the building blocks of elements. They are the smallest component of an element that still has the properties of that element. Every element is made up of atoms that have a unique structure. For example, an oxygen atom contains eight protons and eight neutrons in its nucleus. Eight electrons circle the nucleus in an electron cloud.MoleculesA molecule is the chemical combination of at least two atoms. Many elements occur in nature as molecules, not as single atoms. Oxygen typically occurs as a molecule made up of two chemically bonded atoms, and is written in a chemical formula as O2. Oxygen atomelectronprotonneutronnucleusPeriodic Table of the ElementsElements are the most basic forms of matter. Aluminum, sulfur, iron and oxygen are all examples of elements. These are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Scientists elements that are presennnnnttttttttttttttttt in our universe. Each element is made up of one tttttttttttyyyyyyyyyyyyyypppppppppppppppeeeeeeeeeeeee offfffffffffff atom which determmmmmiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnnneeeeeesssssssssssss iiiiiiiiiitttttttts propeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrrrttttttttttttttiiiiiiiiiiiiieeeeeeeeeeeeess. The Periodic Tabllllleeeeeeeeeeeeeee grrrrrrrroooooooooooooouuuuuupssssssssss eeeeeeeeeeeeeelllllllllllleeements by their atomic nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnuuuuuuuuuuuuuummmmmmmmmbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbeerrrrr. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEaaaaaaaaaaaachhhhhhhhhhhhhh eeeeeeeeeeeelllllllllllleeeeeeeeement is represented byyyyyyyyyyyy aaaaaaaaaa chhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeemmmmmmmical ssssyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyymmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmbbollllllllllllll.H1HydrogenHe2HeliumNe10NeonAr18ArgonKr36KryptonXe54XenonRn86RadonBrHg35BromineCl17ChlorineF9FluorineO8OxygenN7NitrogenC6CarbonB5BoronLi3LithiumNa11SodiumK19PotassiumCCCCCCCCCCCCCaaaaaaaaaaaa20CalciumumumummummmmRb37RubidiumCs55CesiumFFFFFFFFFFFFFr8787878787878778787FranannnaananciummiumciumumiuuiumciumciummciumcRRaaaaaaaaaaaa88888888888888888888RadiRadiRaddiRadRadidddiiumuumumumummuummumumAAAAAAAAAAAAAccccccccccccccc8889AAActiniumRRRRRRRRRRRRRffffffffff104RutherfordiumDDDDDDDDDDDDb105510510105051050510105105105105DubniumCe58CeriumTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTThhhhhhhhhhh90ThoriumiumumummmuumummmmPa91PProProtPrProPPPrPrrProroootactiniumummmmummmumuPr59PraseodymiumNNdddddddddddd60NeododdddddddymiuymiuymiuymiuyymiuymiummmmmmmUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU92292929292292922992922929anUUrUraUraUraaUraanaU a iumNp93NeptuniumPPPPPPm6661666666PromethiumSm62SamariumPu94PlutoniumAm95AmericiumEu63EuropiumGd64GadoliniumCm96CuriumBk97BerkeliumTb65TerbiumDy66DysprosiumyyCf98CaliforniumEs99EinsteiniumHo67HolmiumEr68ErbiumFm100FermiumMd101MendeleviumTm69ThuliumYb70YtterbiumLu71Lutetium No102NobeliumLr103LawrenciumSgggggggggggggggg106Seabbborgiorgiorgorgiorgorgioorgioorgiioig uumuBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh101101000710100011BohrBohrohrBohrBohrhB hrBBBiumiiummiumiummummmHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHssssssssssssss1081111111010Hasssiiiumiumumiuumi mmmMMMMMMMMMMMMMMt101011009100001001000MMMMeitMMMMMMMnerium110Ununnilium111Unununium112UnunbiumUub114UnunquaterniumUuqUun UuuBa56BariumLa57557577757777777LantantLannLanntantLanahanuhanuhaannhanuhanuanuhhahanuhanan mmmmmHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHffffffffffff72HafnHafnHafnHafnHafnnnafnaaffn umiumiumiumiumiuumiumummmiumTTTTTTTTTTTTaaaaaaaaaaaa73777773737737333TantalumW74TungTTTstunRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRReeeeeeeeeeeeeeee7757575757575777575enRhenRheneRhehenRhenheRhenRhheRhiuiuiumiuuuuuOs76OsmiumIIIIIIIrrrrrrrrr777777777777777IridiummmmmmmmmPt78PlatinumAu79Gold80MercuryTl81ThalliumPb82LeadBi8384BismuthPoPoloniumSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSrrrrrrrrrrr3833333StrontiumYYYYYY3393939993939993YYttrYttrYttrYttrYttrttrrrriumiiiuiiuuuZZZZZZZZZZZZrrrrr40Zircccconiuoniuoniuonooo iuonnnn mmmmmmmNNNNNNNNNbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb41441444444111NiobiumMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMoooooooooooooooo444242424244444242MolyMolMoMolyMolyolyolyolyMolyMolyolylybdenbdenbdenbdenbdenbdennuuumumuuTc43TechnetiumRu44RutheniumRRRRRRRRRRRRRhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh4545455454555545555RhoRhRhoRhhoodRhoRhhoo iummmmummmmmmPd46PalladiumAg47Silverg Cd48CadmiumIn49IndiumSn50TinSc21ScanSScSSSSSccdiumTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTiiiiii2222222222222222TitataaaniumniumniumiumumniumnnniiiVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV2322323232322232323233Vanaaaaaadiumdiddiumdiumddiumdiumd mdddiuCrrrrrrrr24Chromiumiiummiumiumiumiummmm mmiumMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMnnnnnn252555555252525255MangManManManaMangManMangMa gManManeseFFFFFFFFFFeeeeeeeeeeee2666666666IronnnnnCCCCCCCCCCCCooo2272222727CoCCCoCoobaCoCCoCooltNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNiii228828NicNiNiNicckcNicicNNic elCCu2292CopperZn30ZincGa31GalliumAl13AluminumMg12MagnesiumggBe4BeryliumSi14SiliconP15PhosphorusS16SulfurSe34SeleniumAs33ArsenicGe32GermaniumSb51 AntimonyTe52TelluriumI53IodineAt85Astatinesooooooooooooooollllllliiiiiiiiiidddddddddddstate at rooooooooooooommmmmmmmmmmmm ttttttttttttteeeeeeeeeeemmmmmmmmmmmmmppppppppppppeeeeeeeeerrrattttttuuuurrrrrrreeellllllllllliiqqqqqqqqqqqqquuuuuuuuuuuuuidgasnnnnnnnnnnnot fooooooooouuuuuund in natureA comppppppppppppooooooooooooouunnnnnnnnnnddddddddddddddddd iiiiiiiiiiiiiisssssssssss aaaaaaaaaaaaa sssssssssssuuubbbbbbbbbbbbbsssssssssttttttttttttttaaaaaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnce madddddddddddddeeeeeeeeeee uuuuuuuuuuppppppp oooooooooooffffffffffff ttttttwo oooooooooooorrrrrrrrrrr mmmmmmmoooooorrrrrrrrrrre different elementsthat arrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeee chhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeemmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiicccccccccccccaaaaaaaaaaaaaalllllllllllllllyyyyyyyyyyyy cccccccccccooooooooooooooommmmmmmmmmmbbbbbbbbbbbbbiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnneeeeeeeeeeeeedddddd in annn eeeeeeeeeexxxxxxxxxxxxaaaaaaaaaactttttttt rrrrrrrrraaaaaaaaaaattttttttttttttiiiiiiiiiiiooooooooooooo. Thhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeee chemical formulaof a cccccccccccoooooooooommmmmmpppppppppppoooooooooouuuuuuuuuuuuuuuunnnnnnnnnnnnnndddddddddddddd ttttttteeeeeeeellllllllllllllllllllllllssssssssss youuuuuuuuuu wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwhhhhhhhhhhicccchhhhhhhhhhhhhhh eeeeeeeeeeeeeellllllllleementtttttttttsssssssssss mmmmmmmmmmmmakkkkkkke uuuuuuuuuuuuuuupppppppppp the compound and howwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww mmmmmmmmmaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaatttttttttttooooooommmmmmmmmmmmssssssssss ooooooooooffffffffff eeeeeeeeeach elllleeeeemmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmeeeeeeeeeeeeeennnnnnnnnttt aaaaaaaaaaaaaarrrrrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeee ffounddddddddd iiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnnnn aaaaaaaaaaaaaa single molecule of thhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeeee cooooooooooooooommmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmppppppppppoooooooooouuuuuuuuunnnnnnnnnndddddddddddddd....... WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWaaaaaaaattttttttteerr iiiiiiiiiiiisssssssssss aaaaaaaaaaaaa compooooooooouuuuuuuuuuuuuunnnnnnnnnnnndddddddd tttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhaaaaaaaaaaaaattttttttttt haaaaaaaaassssssssssssss aaaaaa ratio of two hydrogen aaaaaaaaaaaatttttttommmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmssssssssssssssss ttttttttttoooooooooooo eeeeeeeeeeeeevvvvvvvvvvvvvvvveeeeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrrrrryyyyyyyyyyyyy oooooooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnneeeeee oooooxxxxxxxxxxxxxxyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyygggggggggggggggeeeeennnnnn aaaaaaaaaaaaaattttttttttttoooooooooooooomm. If thhhhhhhhhhhhhiiiiiiiiiissssssssssss rrrrrrrrrrrraaaaatttttttttttiiiiiiiiiiiiiooooooooooo is changed to two hydrogen atommmmmmmmmmmssssssssss tttttttttttoooooo eeeeeeeeeeeevvvvvvvvvveeeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrryyyyyyyy two oxygeeeeeeennnnnnnnnnnnnnn aaaaaaaaaaaaaattttttttttooommmmmmmmmmmmmmsssssssssssss,,,,,, aaaaa differrrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeennnnnnnnnnnnntttttttttt compound is formed. This commmmmmmmmmmmmmpppppppppppppooooooooouuuuuuuuuuuuuunnnnnnnnnnnnnnddddddddddddddd, hydrogen peroxiiiddddddddddddddeeeeeeeeeeee,,,,,,, hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhaaasssssss ddddddddddddddddddiiiiiiiiiiiffffffffffffereeeeennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnttttttttttttt properties than water. It is usseeeeeeeeeeddddddddddddddd aaaaaaaaas cleaning agent, and you woooooooouuuuuuuuuuuuuuuulllllllllllddddddddddddd nnnnnnnnooooooooooooooootttttttttttt want to drink it!ratioratio2HHHH2222Atoms are the building blocks of elements. They are the smallest component of an element that still has the properties of that element. Every element is made up of atoms that have a unique structure. For example, an oxygen atom contains eight protons and eight neutrons in its nucleus. Eight electrons circle the nucleus in an electron cloud.AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA mmmmmmmmmolllllllllllleeeeeeeeeeeeccccccccccccuuuuulllleeeeeeeeee iiiiiiiiis the chemicaaallllllllllllll ccccccccccccccoooooooooommmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmbbbbbbbbbbbbbbiiiinationnnnnnn of at least two atommmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmsssssssssssss.... MMMMMMaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy eeeeelements occuuuurrrrrrrrrrrrr iiiiiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnnnnaaaaaaaaaaaaattttttttttttttuuuuuuuuuuuuurrrrrrrrrrrree as molecules, not aaaaaaaaaaaassssssssssssss ssssssssssssssiingllllleeeeeee aaaaaaaaaaaaaattttttttttttoooooooooooommmssss. OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOxxygen tyyyyyyyyyyyyypppppppppppppiiiiiiiiiiccccccccccccaaaaaaaaaaaaaaalllllllllllllllllllllllllyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy oooooooooooooooocccccccccccccccccccccccccurs as a moleculemmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmaaaaaaaaddddddddddddddddeeeeeeeeeeeee up of ttttttttttttwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwooooooooooooooooo cccccccccchhhhhhhhhhhhhemmmmmmmmmmmiiiiiiiiiicccccccccccccaaaaaaaaaaaallllllllllllllllllllllllllyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbboooooooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnndddddddddddddddeddd atoms, and is wrrrrrrrrriiiiiiiiiiiiittttttttttttttttttttttteeeeennnnnnnnnnnnnnnn iiiiiiin a chemicaaaaaaaallllllllllllll fffffffffffffooooooooooooorrmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuullllllllllllaaaa as O2.Oxygggggggggggggggggeeeeeeeeeeeeeeennnnnnnnnnnnn aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaatttttttttttttttoooooooooooooooommmmmmmmmmmmmmmmeeeeeeeeeeeeeleccccccccccccctttttttttttttttttrrrrrrrrrrrrrooooooooooonpppppppppppppppprrrrrrrrrrrrooooooooooooootttttttttttttttttooooooooooooooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnneeeeeutronnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnuuuuuuuuuuuuuuucccccccccccccleus
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