Group 16- Oxygen GroupThe Oxygen Group includes three nonmetals: oxygen, sulfur, and selenium; and two metalloids: tellurium, and polonium. These can be found in nature in both free and combined states. All elements of the Oxygen Group have six electrons in their outermost shell which makes this group reactive. Oxygen is the most abundant element on Earth, found in the atmosphere and dissolved in water. It is essential for the survival of most living organisms. Group 17- HalogensThe Halogen Group includes four nonmetalsone metalloid: astatine. The elements in this group have seven valence electrons and are very reactive because they only need to gain one more electron to complete their outer shell. In their pure form, halogens form diatomic molecules, such as chlorine (Cl2). Halogens combine with metals to form salts. Most halogens, such as chlorine or iodine, can be used as disinfectants.O8Oxygen116LivermoriumLv84PoPoloniumS16SulfurSe34SeleniumTe52TelluriumO8OxygenS16lfure4mH2OBr35BromineCl17ChlorineF9FluorineI53IodineAt85AstatineCl27 Feet5 Feet3 FeetChlorineTabletsdiatomic moleculewater moleculedisinfectantsGroup 18- Noble GasesGroup 18, which includes elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, are all colorless, odorless gases at room temperature. These gases are inert, or nonreactive and do not react with other elements to form compounds because their valence shell is full. These elements can be used in gaseous form. Neon is used to make lighted signs. Helium, because it’s less dense than air, is used to make He2HeliumNe10NeonAr18ArgonKr36KryptonXe54XenonRn86RadonNeonHeliumneonheliumH2OThe Periodic Table: Groups 16-18© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4855Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.The Oxygen Group includes three nonmetals: oxygen, sulfur, and selennnnnnnnnnnnniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuuuuuuuuuuuuuuummmmmmmmmmmmmmm; and two mmmmmmmeeeeeeeeeeeetttttttttttttaaaaaaaaaaalllllllllloidddddddddddddddddssssssssssss:::::::::::: tellurium, and polonium. These can be found in nature in both free annnnnnnnnnnddddddddddddddddd cccccccccccoooommmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbiiiiiiiiiinnned states. All eleeeeeeeemmmmmmmmmmmeeeeeeeeeeeennnnts oofffffffffffff the Oxygen Group have six electrons in their outermost shell whichhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmaaaaaaaaaaaaakkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkeeeeeeeeeeeeeeessssssssssss ttttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhiiiiiiiiiiiissssssssssss gggggggggggggggggggrrrrrrrrrroup reactive. OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOxxxxxyyyyyyyyygggggggggggeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeennnnnnnnnnnnnnnis the most abundant element on Earth, found in the atmosphere annnnnnnnnnnnndddddddddddddddd dddddddddissolveeeeeeeedddddddddddddddddd iiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnn wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwaaaaaaaaaaater. IIIIIIIIIIIIIIttttttttttt iiiiiiiiiiiiisssssssssss eeeeeessennnnnnnnnnntttttttttiiiiiiaaaaaaaaaaallllllllllll for the survival of most living organisms. The Halogen Group includes four nonnnnnnnnnnnmmmmmmmmmmmmmetttttttttaaaaaaaalllllllllssssssssssssone metalloid: astatine. The elements in this group hhhhhhhhhhhhhaaaaaaaaaaaavvvvvvvve sssssseeeeeeeeevvvvvvvvvveeeeeeeeeeeeennnnnnnnnnnnn vvvvvvvvvvvvvaaaaaaaaaaaalllllllllleeeeeeeeeeennnnnnnnnnncccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeee electttttttttttttttrrrrrrrrroooooooooooonnnnnnsssssssssss aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnddddddddddddddd are very reactive because they only need to gain one more electronnnnnnnnnnnnnn tttttttttooooooooooooooo ccccomppppppppplete their outer shelllllllllllllllllllllllll.. IIIIIIIIIIInnnnnnnnnnnnnn tttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeiiiiiiiiiiirrrrrrrr pure form, halogens form diatomic molecules, such as chlorrrrrrrrrrrriiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnnnneeeeeeeeeeeeeee ((((((((((((((Cl2222222222)))))))))))))))..... HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHaaaaaaaaalogens combine with mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmeeeeeeeeeeeeetttttttttttttttals to form salts. Most halogens, such as chlorine or iodine, can bbbbeeeeeeeeeeee uuuuuuuuuuussssssssssseeeeeeeed aaaaaaasssssssssssss ddddddddddddiiiiiiiiiiisssssssssssssinfeeeeeeeeeeeeeecccccccccccctttttttttttaaaaaaaaaaants.O8Oxygen116LivermoriumLv84PoPoloniumS16SulfurSe34SeleniumTe52TelluriumBr35BromineCl17ChlorineF9FluorineI53IodineAt85Astatine22222222222222227 Feet7 FFe75 Feet3 FeetChlorineTabletsddddddddddddiiiiiatommiiiiiiicccccccccccc mmmmmmmmmmmmmmoooooooooollllllleeeeeeculewater moleculedisinfectantsGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGroooooooooouuuuuuuuuuuuuuuppppppppppppppppp 11111111111111118888888888,,,,,, wwwwwwwwwhiicccccchhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh iiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnclllllllllllluuuuuuuuuuuuuudddddddddddddeeeeeeeees elllleeeeeeemmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmeeeeeeeeeeeenttssss hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeelium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, are all colorless, oddddddddddddddddoooooooooooooooooorrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrllllllllllllleeeeeeeeeesssssssssssssssssssssssss gggggaaaaaaaaaassssssssssssees at roooooooooooooooooooommmmmmmmmmmmm tteeeeeeeeemmmmmmmmmmmmmmmpppppppppppperatttttuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuurrrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeee...... Thhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeeeese gases are inert, or tnonreactive and do not react with other eeeeeeeeeeeeellllllllllleeeeeeeeeeeeeeemmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmeeeeeeeeeeennnnnnnnnnntttttssssssssss ttttttttttooo ffffffffffooooooooooooorrrrrrrrrrrrrrmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm compoooooooooooouuuuuuuuuuuuuuunnnnnnnnnnnnddddddddddddddssssssssssss bbbbbbbbbbbbbbeeeeeeeeeecaaaaaaaauuuuuuuuuuuuuuusssssssssse thhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeir valence shell is full. These elements can be used in gaseousfffffffffffffffoooooooooooorrrrrrrrrrrrrmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm... NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNeeeeeeeeeeooooooooooonnnnnnnnnnnn iiiiiiiiiissssssssssssss uuuuuuuuuuuseeeeedddddddddddddddd ttttttttttttoooooooooo makkeee lllllllllllllliiiiiiiiiiiiiggggggggggggggggghhhhhhhhhhhttttttteeeeeeeeeeeeedddddddddddddddddd siggggggggggggggggnnnnnnnnnnnnns. Helium, because it’s less dense than air, is used to make 2Helium10Neon1188888888888888AArgooooooooonnnnnn36666666666666Krypypppppptottottototooonnnnnnnnn55555555554444444444XXeXeXeXeXXeeXeXeXeX nononnnnnnnon86Radonneonhelium2
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