Classes of Elements: NonmetalsNonmetalsNonmetals make up another class of elements on the Periodic Table. Some examples of nonmetals include oxygen, nitrogen, and . H1123456789101112131415161718HydrogenHe2HeliumNe10NeonAr18ArgonKr36KryptonXe54XenonRn86RadonBrHg35BromineCl17ChlorineF9FluorineO8OxygenN7NitrogenC6CarbonB5BoronLi3LithiumNa11SodiumK19PotassiumCa20CalciumRb37RubidiumCs55CesiumFr87FranciumRa88RadiumAc89ActiniumRf104RutherfordiumDb105DubniumSg106SeaborgiumBh107BohriumHs108HassiumMt109Meitnerium110Darmstadtium111Roentgenium112CoperniciumCn114FleroviumFl116LivermoriumLvRgDsBa56BariumLa57LanthanumHf72HafniumTa73TantalumW74TungstunRe75RheniumOs76OsmiumIr77IridiumPt78PlatinumAu79Gold80MercuryTl81ThalliumPb82LeadBi8384BismuthPoPoloniumSr38StrontiumY39YttriumZr40ZirconiumNb41NiobiumMo42MolybdenumTc43TechnetiumRu44RutheniumRh45RhodiumPd46PalladiumAg47SilverCd48CadmiumIn49IndiumSn50TinSc21ScandiumTi22TitaniumV23VanadiumCr24ChromiumMn25ManganeseFe26IronCo27CobaltNi28NickelCu29CopperZn30ZincGa31GalliumAl13AluminumMg12MagnesiumBe4BeryliumSi14SiliconP15PhosphorusS16SulfurSe34SeleniumAs33ArsenicGe32GermaniumSb51 AntimonyTe52TelluriumI53IodineAt85AstatineCe58CeriumTh90Pa91Pr59PraseodymiumNd60NeodymiumU92Np93Pm61PromethiumSm62SamariumPu94Am95Eu63EuropiumGd64GadoliniumCm96Bk97Tb65TerbiumDy66DysprosiumCf98Es99Ho67HolmiumEr68ErbiumFm100Md101Tm69ThuliumYb70YtterbiumLu71Lutetium No102Lr103ActinidsLanthanoidsPeriodic Table of the ElementsThoriumProtactiniumUraniumNeptuniumPlutoniumAmericiumCuriumBerkeliumCalifornium EinsteiniumFermiumMendeleviumNobeliumLawrenciumBackground ColormetalmetalloidnonmetalsolidliquidgasunknownSymbol ColoroxygenoxygensulfurSO2Properties of NonmetalsDue to their low melting points, most nonmetals are gases at room temperature. Some nonmetals are solids and one element, bromine, is a liquid at room temperature. Unlike metals, nonmetals have low densities, are brittle, and heat and electricity. Chemical PropertiesNonmetals do not conduct electricity because their atoms are not likely to give up or lose valence electrons. Nonmetals usually have to eight electrons in their outer orbital and most of them readily gain or share valence electrons. Nonmetals can form with both metals and other nonmetals. In this example, oxygen combines with sulfur to form .heliumsulfur dioxide© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4850Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Physical properties:low melting pointsbrittlemost are gases at room temperaturelow densitiesdo not conduct heat and electricityInert NonmetalsSome nonmetals such as neon and are called inert or nonreactive because their valence shell is full so they do not react with other elements to form .Chemical properties:4-8 valence electronsdo not give up or lose electronsreact with metals and nonmetalsgain or share valence electrons easilybromineheliumNonmetals make up another class of elements on the Periodic Table. Some examples of nonmetalsinclude oxygen, nitrogen, and .H11234567891111111111000000100001121314444444444415151515151511511551555166666666666661718188181888818188811HydrogenHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHeeeeeeeeee22222222222HeliHeliHe iuiuiull mNNNNNNNNNNeeeeeeeeeeeee10eonNeonNeoNeononeoneoNeoneone nAAAAAAAAAAr8818181881818188ArgonKr36KryptonXe54XenonRn86RadonBBBBBBBBBBBrrrrrrrrrrHg35Bromomimiomiommmom neeeneneeneneeCCCCCCCCCCCCCCllllll1777777777ChlorineF9FluorFluorF ororFluororrineininiinineeOOOOOOOOO888888888Oxygeygeyygegyygyg nnnnnnnN7NitrogenC6CarbonB5BoronLi3LithiumNa11SodiumK19PotassiumCa20CalciumRb37RubidiumCs55CesiumFr87FranciumRa88RadiumAc89ActiniumRf104RutherfordiumDb105DubniumSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSggg10660610600606060eaboSeSSeeaSSeSSergiuiuiumumiumiumuumiuiBBBBBBh11111071010111BohriumHsssssssss1088888HassiiiiuuummumumMMMMMMMMMMttttttt100909090909090909Meittntntnntnntnt eriiiumeereriieririri110Darmstadtium11111111111111Roeoeoententoentoee geniugeniugegeniuniugeniuge ueniuemmmmm112CCoperCCCniciummCn114FlerovFlerovleroFlerovFlevFFFiumiumumiuumi mmFFFFl111111111111 6LivermoriumLLLvDs RRRRRRRRRRRRggggggggggBa56BariumLa57LanthanumHf72HafniumTa73TantalumW74Tungssstuntutununtununnnt ntunReeeeeee757775757555757577RheRheenheniheniheenih n umumummmmmmuuOOOOOOOOsssss766OsmOOOsmiumiuOsmOsmOsssmiumiuum uummmmmmmIIIIIIIIrrrrrr77Iriridirididiridiriid uummumuumPPPPPPPPttttttt78777777PlatiiiinnumnumnumnumnnnAAAAAAAAuuuuuuu777797999977GGGoldoldGoldGGGoldGoldGoldG80MercuryTl81ThalliumPPPPPPPPbbbbbbb82LeadddddBBBBBBBiiiiiii83888884BismuBBBBBiisthhhPooPoloPolooloolonolonPolPooP oniumSr38StrontiumY39YttriumZr40ZirconiumNb41NiobiumMo42MolybdenumTc43TechnnhnnnetiuetiuetiumetiumetiumetietiuieRu44Rutheutheutheth niumniuniumniumniuminiuiuuniuRRRhhhhhhh45545444545RhodiummmmPPPPPPPPdddddd464PallaPallaPddiumumdiumdiumddiummdiummAAAAAAAgggggg47SilSilvelveilvevilvelveSiSerrrrrrrggg CCCCCCCCCdddddd48484448888CaCCadmiCCaCCaCCCumIIIIIIInn44944444IndiumSSSSSSSnnnnnn50TTiTTiiTTiTT nnnSc21ScandiumTi22TitaniumV23VanadiumCr24ChromiumMn25ManganeseFe26IronCoooooo27CoobalobalobalbaloboobottttttNNNi28NickellCu29CoppeCoppeCoppepepeeepeerrrZn30ZinccZZinncGa31313311313311GalliumAAAAAAAAllllll1313131131131313AlumiAlumiAlumlumilumAlumAlumiiAlumiAnumnnnnunnnuMg12MagnesiumggBe4BeryliumSSSi14SSSSilicSSSonPPPPPPPPP15PhoospospospooohorushoruhorushorushoruhorushorussshS166666SulfuSuSuSuSuSSulrSSSSSSSeee3434343333443SelSeleSSelenelenlenSeSeleenelleniumiumiumumummmiumAAAssssss33333333333333ArsenicGe32GermaniumSSSSSSSbbbbbbb51111AntAntiiAntimAntimAnnAntAntimAAntimonyonyonyonyoonyyyTTTTTTTTeeeeeeee525225222552525TTTeTelluriumII35353535533353333IodineAt85AstatineCe58CeriumTh90PPPPPPPPaaaa91991919191919PPPPPPrrrrrrr5955555PraseodymiummmNNNddd606066060606666600NeodyNeodNeodydyNeodyNeoNeodydyNeoeodyyNNeNmiummmmmmUUUU92Nppppp933393939393939Pmmmmmmmmmmmmm61PromeeethiumthiumhiumththihiumthiumththhSm62SamarSSiumPPPPPPPPPPPuuuuuuu944AAAAAAAAAm95Eu63EuropiumGd64GadoliniumCCCCCCCCCmmmmmmmmmmmm96BBBBBBBBBBBkkkkkkkkkkk979779777TTTTTTTbbbbbbb65665656556555Terbiurbiurbiubiumiumbiumrbiubib ummDDDDDDDDDyyyyyyyyyy66DysprDDDDDDyyyosiusiumuumumuiumummmyyyyyyCCCCCCCCCCCCCfffffff989898989898889898989EEEEEEEEEs9999999999999999Ho67HolmiHoHolHoHHoHoHumEr668ErbiumFm100Md101Tm69ThuliumYb70YtterbiumLu71Lutetium No102Lr103ActinidsLannnttttntttn hhhahhhhhhhhhanoiddddddssssssssssThoriumProtacacactictictictctcctt niuniiuumiiuuumProUUUUUUUUUUraniuraraniraniniuriraniumNeptuniumNeptuniumPlutoutototooooniumniumniumumiummnnniAAAAAAAAAAAmmericiumCCCCCCCCCCCCCCuriuriumuBBeBerkekBerkeBerkeBBerliumliumliummmliummumuuCCCCCCalifornium EinsteiniumFermiumMendeleviumNobeliumLawrenciumBackground ColormetalmetalloidnonmetalsolidliquidgggggggggggaaaassssssssssssuuuuuuuuuunnnnnnnnnnkkkkkkkkkkkkknnnnnnnnnnoooooooooooowwwnnnnnSymbol Cooooooooooollllllllooooooooooooorrrrrrrrroxygenoxygensulfur2222222Due to their low melting points, most nonmetalsare gases at room temperature. Some nonmetalsare solids and one element, bromine, is a liquid aaaaaaaaaaaatttttttttt room temperature. Unlike metals, nonmetals hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhaaaaaaaaaaaaavvvvvvvvvvvvvveeeeeeeeeeeee low densities, are brittle, and hhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeaaat and electricity. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNooonmmmmmmmmmmmmmmeeeeeeeeeeeeettttttttttaaaaaaaals do not conduct ellllllllleeectricity because their atoms are not likely to give up or lllllllllooooooooooooosssssssssssssseeeeeeeeeeeeevvvvaaaaaaaaaaaaalllllllllllence electronsssssssssss.. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNonmetals usually have to eightelectrons in their outer orbbbbbbbbbbitallllllllll aaaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnddddddddddddd most ooooooooooooooofffffffffffffffffff tttttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhem readily gain or share valence electrons. Nonmetalsccccccccccccaaaaaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnn form wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwiiiiiiiiiiiiiitttttth both metals and other nonmetals. In this example, oooooooooxyyyyggggggggggggggeeeeeeeeeeeeeeennnnnnn combinesssssssss wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwiiiiiiiiiittttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh sulfur to form .heliumsssssssssuuuuuuuuuuuullllllllfffffffffffuuuuuurrrrrrrrrrr dioxxxxxiiiiiiiddddddddddddddddeeeeeeeePPPPPPPPPPPhhhhhhhhhhhhyyyyyyyyyyyyysssssssssssiiiiiiiiiiccccccccccccaaaaaaaaaaaaalllllllll pppppppppprrrrrrrrrrrooooooooperrrttttttttttttttttiiiiiiiiiieeeeeeeeeeeeesssssssss:rrrrrlowwwwwwwwwwwwww mmmmmmmmmmmmmeeeeeeeeeeeeeeelllllllllttttttting poinnnnnnnnnnntttttttttttttttttsssssssssssssssbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbrrrrrrrrrrrrriiiiiiiiiiiittttttttttttttttttttttttttttlemmmmmmmmmmmmmmooooooooooooossssssssssssssssttttttttttttttt aaaaaaaaaaaaaarrrrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeee gasssseeeeeeeeeeeeeessssssssssss aaaaaaaaaatttttttttttttttt rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrroooooooooooooom temperatureloowwwwwwwwwwwwwwww dddddddddddddddddeeeeeeeeeeeensiiiiiiiittttttiiiieeeeeeeeeessssssssdddo nnnnnnnnnnnnnooooooooooooooootttttttttttttt conddddddduuuuuuuuuuuuccccccccccctttttttttttttttt heat and eleeeeeeeeeeeeccccccccccccctttttttttttttttttrricityySSSSSSSSSSooooooooooooommmmmmmmmmmmmmmeeeeeeeeeeee nnonmetals such as neon and aaaaaaaaaaaaaaarrrrrrre called inert or nonreactive bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbeeeeeeeeeeccccccccccaaausseeeeeeeeeee tttttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeeiiiir valence shell is full so theeyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ddddddddddddddddddddooooooooooo not react with other elemeeeeeeeeeennnnnnnnnnnnntttttttttttssssssssss to ffffffffffffffffoooooooooooorrrrrrrrrrmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm .Chemical properttttttttttiiiiiiiiiiiiieeeeeeeeeeeeesssssssssss:::4-8 valennnnnnnnccccccccccccccce eeeeeeeeeeeeelllllllllllleeeeeecccccccccccccctttttttttttttrrrrrrrrrrrrrrvvooooooooooooonnnnnnsdo not give upppppppppp ooooooooooooor llllloooooooossssssssssssssssssseeeeeeeeeeee electronsreeeeeeeeeaaaaaaaaaaaaacttttttttttttt wwwwwwwwwwwwwwiiiiiiiiiiiiittttttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhh mmmmmmmmmmmmeeeeeeeeeeeeeeetttttttttttalsss aaaaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnddddddddddd nnnnnnnnnnnooooooooooooooonmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmeeeeeeeeeeeeeetttttttttttttttaaaaaaaaaaaaaaalllllllllsssssssssssgain orrrrrrrrrrrr ssshhhhhhhhhaaaaaaaaaaaaaarrrrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeee vvvvvvvvvvvvvaaaaaaaaaaaaalllenceeeevvvvvvvvelecttttttttttttttrrrrrrrrrrrrrrronnnnnnnnnnnnnnsssssssssssssss eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaaaaaaaaaaaaassssssssssssssiiilllyyyyyyyyyyyyyyybrominehelium
< Page 8 | Page 10 >